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Cell based regenerative therapies have provided promising potential for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) injury.Despite the progress and benefits of cell transplantation in animal and pre-clinical research,optimizing the transplan-tation condition and combined supportive strategies have become important and necessary.Among all cell types,induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are favorable for the possibility of autologous transplantation and differentiation plasticity.To improve the iPS cell transplantation therapy after ischemic stroke,we applied optogenetics technique in regulating the activity of grafts after transplantation.The blue light gated cation channel ChR2 was transfected in iPS cell induced neuro-progenitors (iPS-NP).The genetically modified iPS-NP can differentiate into functional neurons that show voltage-gated Na+ currents and fire action potential evoked by current injection or in response to blue light stimulation.After transplanta-tion into peri-infarct region in a mouse model of barrel cortex ischemic stroke,chronic daily optogenetic stimulation of iPS cell-derived neurons increased the mRNA levels of synaptic markers synapsin-1 and PSD95,and growth factors FGF,BDNF and SDF-1.Better axon growth was seen in iPS cell-derived neurons with optogenetic stimulation.Immunochemistry stain-ing showed that ChR2 expressing iPS-NPs differentiated to mature neurons expressing neuronal marker NeuN.The adhesive removal test and corner test revealed that stroke animals undergoing iPS-NP transplantation and optogentic stimulation showed significant better sensorimotor functional recovery 14 days after stroke.