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OBJECTIVE To study the effects of acute treatment with memantine on the heroin seeking behavior.MEHTODS Rats were self-administered heroin under a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) schedule for 14 d and then extinguished for 10 d.A progressive schedule (PR3-4) was used to evaluate the relative motivational value of heroin reinforcement.After training, the conditioned cue or heroin priming (250 μg· kg-1) was introduced for the reinstatement of heroin-seeking behavior.The effects of memantine at doses 1-15 mg· kg-1 pretreatment on behaviors were examined under these schedules.RESULTS Memantine at these doses produced a upward shift in the dose-response curve for heroin self-administration, but failed to inhibition the break point (reward value) under the PR3-4 schedule.In addition, memantine at doses 5-15 mg ·kg-1 inhibited the reinstatement of heroin seeking induced by heroin priming in a dose-dependent manner, while at dose of 15 mg·kg-1 inhibited the reinstatement of conditioned cue-induced heroin seeking.Memantine at these doses failed to alter locomotion activity.CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that acute treatment with memantine inhibites the reinstatement of heroin seeking induced by heroin priming or conditioned cues and memantine may be an adunctive therapy for the treatment of heroin addiction.