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To comprehensively study the flavor compounds of Paeonia ostii flowers, the volatiles of 'Paeonia ostii White', 'Paeonia ostii Pink'and other 28 peony flowers were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC/MS, and 146 volatile compounds were identified.The unique volatiles in two Paeonia ostii flowers were similar but different from the other peony flowers, which could contribute to identifying the flowers of Protected Geographical Indication (PGI).Six principal components of 30 peony flower samples were obtained by principal component analysis (PCA).The volatiles in 'Paeonia ostii White'and 'Paeonia ostii Pink'flowers were very similar through the analysis of PCA and cluster analysis.