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Crude brazilin extract from Sappan wood has demonstratedstrong anti tumor activity in the mouse model of human bladdercarcinoma and clinical trial for intravesical therapy.Purifiedbrazilin was confirmed the most active molecule ininhibition of bladder carcinoma T24 cells.Brazilin decreasedproliferation and viability of T24 cells in a dose-and timedependentmanner, with a calculated LC50 of 32 mg/mL.Morethan 1,000 of genes were found upregulated and downregulated by brazilin treatment in digital gene expressionprofiling.Gene ontology analysis indicated that stressresponse, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulatory pathways werehighly enriched.Among the regulated genes, c-Fos and GADD45βwere specifically upregulated.