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Aquaculture has subsequently played a major role in securing the raw materials for the industries since the production from capture fisheries cannot serve the demand of the producing plants for export purposes alone.Aquaculture has developed from extensive systems to semi-intensive, intensive and super-intensive very rapidly.These have brought the introduction of large amount of chemicals and drugs into the systems, which cause residual problem in the products.In the developed world food safety has become a major concerned issue.The world market now needs the healthy product from farm to plate.To achieve these requirements, the producing countries have implemented measures such as farm registration, good aquaculture practice, code of conduct for sustainable aquaculture, hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) and biosecurity system in order to keep their markets.However, infectious diseases in aquaculture are of major concern to the industry and are typically controlled by: eradication of the pathogen, treatment with antibiotic or chemotherapeutics and by prevention of diseases using probiotics or vaccines.To limit the use of chemicals and antibiotics, good farm management is highly recommended.In terms of treatment, chemicals and antibiotics should be evaluated for a recommendation dose and withdrawal period; otherwise alternative choices of treatments should be developed.Environmental friendly, probiotics have been introduced to aquaculture practice in the last decade, in order to replace the pathogenic bacteria with the beneficial bacteria transient in the gut.Microorganisms have also been prepared for the purpose of biocontrol and bioremediation.
The application of probiotic, biocontrol and
bioremediation seem promising, however it needs
considerable efforts of further research in terms of
food and environmental safety.
Vaccination has been proved to be a highly effective
method for controlling diseases in the
salmon industry mainly in Europe, America and Japan.
In other Asian countries, this practice
seems to be slowly developing due to different
factors including the aquaculture system and the
economically important value of their fish species.
However, since shrimp farming is a large
industry in this region, much effort has been put
into a vaccine development for viral diseases.
Those vaccines remain inconclusive.Immunostimulants
are another option developed for use in
the shrimp industry of the region; however their
efficiency also remains obscure.
The application of probiotic, biocontrol and
bioremediation seem promising, however it needs
considerable efforts of further research in terms of
food and environmental safety.
Vaccination has been proved to be a highly effective
method for controlling diseases in the
salmon industry mainly in Europe, America and Japan.
In other Asian countries, this practice
seems to be slowly developing due to different
factors including the aquaculture system and the
economically important value of their fish species.
However, since shrimp farming is a large
industry in this region, much effort has been put
into a vaccine development for viral diseases.
Those vaccines remain inconclusive.Immunostimulants
are another option developed for use in
the shrimp industry of the region; however their
efficiency also remains obscure.