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Study Desgin.A case control study.Objective:To see whether cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has any influence on sexual function by comparing differences in sexual function between persons with CSM and those without.In addition, factors that may affect sexual function were screened to see whether there was any difference in such influence between men and women.Methods:50 patients (male 27, female 23) who suffered from spinal cord-type cervical spondylosis or cervical intervertebral disc protrusion with compression on the spinal cord were selected as the study group, and 59 age-matched patients (male 30, female 29) older than 40 years who suffered from arthritis or fracture and other traumatic injuries that do not affect sexual function were used as the control group.The 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were used to assess the sexual function of the male and female patients, respectively.Cervical MR imaging presentations, sexual function scores and main symptoms (motor, sensory and somesthetic sensibility) of the two groups were compared to analyze factor that affected sexual function.Results: There were significant differences in sexual function between patients with CSM and those without (P <0.0001), the sexual function of the patients without CSM being significantly better than that of patients with CSM.Signal alteration of the spinal cord, ligamentous ossification, disc calcification, the position of spinal compression in the transverse section, the most stenotic position of CDH and the number of CDH on MRI, the abnormal somesthetic sensibility, abnormal motor (upper limbs, lower limbs and four limbs), and sensory (upper limbs, lower limbs and four limbs) sensibility did not correlate with the sexual function scores in the male study group.In the female study group, except for the most stenotic position of CDH, the other MRI evaluations and symptoms did not correlate with the female sexual function scores.Multiple regression analysis showed that only the age was an important influencing factor of female sexual function.Conclusion:The sexual function of patients without CSM was significantly better than patients with CSM.MRI evaluations and symptoms did not correlate with the sexual function of the patients.Age was an important impact factor of sexual function in females.