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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is diagnosed by subjective clinical evaluation,leading to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis.Statedependent biomarkers for MDD would be efficacious in improving diagnostic accuracy,but are not yet available.Stress-induced hippocampal apoptosis has been previously reported in MDD and PPRoD1 has been shown to be neuroprotective against stress,but PPRoD1s mechanism in MDD,if any,remains unknown.