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Peat mosses has unique morphological and developmental characteristics.During their vegetative development process,there were 5 different tissues including filamental and unistratose thallose protonema,stem,immature leaves with only green cells and mature leaf with the slender chlorophyllose cells and diamond shape hyaline cells.In peat mosses,there are one-dimensional filament protonema,two-dimensional plate protonema,three-dimension leafy shoot and strong differentiated leaf cells.Peat mosses are good material for plant cell develop and differentiation study in cell level.Peat mosses gametophore tissue culture system have been set up already while there is no report about stable protonema culture.The detailed developmental process of peat mosses were still unclear.In this study,the regeneration relationship among the 5 different vegetative tissue were analyzed.Multidirectional cell development and regeneration happened in peat moss vegetative tissues.The detailed cell characteristics of thalloid protonema were summarized together with the development process from filamental to thallose protonema.Based on that,a relative stable peat moss protonema culture were set up.And the optimum pH condition for protonema liquid culture were test further.These results give an important prerequisite for further peat moss cell development and differentiation study.