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In the present review we report about the effect of dietary fat during early postnatal life on adult metabolic profile and body composition in a murine model of nutritional programming.Material and methods: Male offspring of C57B1/6j dams received a normal diet (control, CTRL), a diet supplemented with tuna fish oil (high n-3 LCP), or a diet with a reduced linoleic acid content (low n-6 LCP) from postnatal day (PN) 2 to 42.Subsequently, mice of all groups were switched to a western style diet (WSD; 21 En% fat, high saturated fatty acid content and cholesterol) until dissection at PN98.Body composition was analyzed by dual x-ray absorptiometry during the WSD challenge and the metabolic response was evaluated by analysing plasma lipids, glucose homeostasis, fasting levels of resistin and leptin and assessment of insulin resistance.Results: Animals that received the n-3 LCP diet during postnatal life had reduced fat accumulation by approximately 30% during the WSD challenge (p<0.001), accompanied by a healthier plasma lipid profile and plasma glucose homeostasis and less hypertrophic adipocytes compared to CTRL.The animals fed the low n-6 LCP diet showed an even more pronounced reduction in fat accumulation and a moderate increase in lean body mass during the WSD challenge.At day 98 analysis of WAT showed a decreased number of adipocytes compared to the CTRL group (p<0.001) and a shift towards more large adipocytes.The latter effect was more pronounced in visceral than subcutaneous fat.Additionally, lowering n-6 LCP intake during neonatal development resulted in reduced fasting triglyceride levels, improved insulin sensitivity estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lower fasting resistin and leptin plasma levels following the WSD challenge.Conclusion: The data indicate that postnatal nutrition has programming effects on adult body composition and metabolic homeostasis.Additionally, it emphasizes that moderate alterations in fat quality during early postnatal life considerably affect adult metabolic health.