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Along with the development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology, some nanoparticles have been applied to disease diagnosis and treatment.These nanosized agents have unique physical, chemical and biological characteristics, leading to distinct behaviors in vivo when interact with biomolecules, cells and their microenvironments.Thus, finding of new functions and effects of these nanparticles is of great importance.Multi-enzyme (peroxidase, catalase, super-oxide dismutase and so on) activities of nanoparticles, including Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Co3O4, Prussian blue (PB), Au, Pt, Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles and their composites, were investigated and their influence factors and catalytic mechanism were proposed.We explored the influence of pH, temperature, size, surface modification and charge, exposure and composition of crystal plane, addition of rotating or altemating magnetic field on the nanoparticles enzyme activities.Electron spin resonance (ESR) technology was employed to study the mechanisms of enzymelike activities of nanoparticles, and Fenton reaction and electron transfer mechanisms were proposed according to the results.Based on these nanomimetics and their interaction with enzyme substrates, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cells and their microenvironments, biodetection, ultrasonic imaging, antioxidation and cytotoxicity applications were realized and presented here.