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Smad7 is a general antagonist of the TGFβsignaling and mediates the cross-talk between TGFβ and multiple other signaling pathways.It plays critical roles in a plenty of physiological events, and has been extensively studied in many pathological processes, such as various cancers.Although SMAD7 has been found to be involved in cardiogenesis in mice, its role in congenital heart defects (CHD), one of the most common birth defects worldwide, has yet to be investigated.