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Percutaneousvertebroplasty(VP)andballoonkyphoplasty(BKP)arenowwidelyusedtotreatpatientswhosufferpainfulvertebralcompressionfractures.Ineachofthesetreatments,abonecementpasteisinjectedintothefracturedvertebralbody/bodies,andthecementofchoiceisapoly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA)bonecement.Onedrawbackofthiscementistheveryhighexothermictemperature,which,ithasbeensuggested,causesthermalnecrosisofsurroundingtissue.Inthepresentwork,wepreparednovelcompositePMMAbonecementwheremicrocapsulescontainingaphasechangematerial(paraffin)(PCMc)weremixedwiththepowderofthecement.APCMabsorbsgeneratedheatand,assuch,itspresenceinthecementmayleadtoreductioninthermalnecrosis.Wedeterminedanumberofpropertiesofthecompositecement.Comparedtothevaluesforacontrolcement(acommerciallyavailablePMMAcementusedinVPandBKP),eachcompositecementwasfoundtohavesignificantlylowermaximumexothermictemperature,increasedsettingtime,significantlylowercompressivestrength,significantlylowercompressivemodulus,comparablebiocompatibility,andsignificantlysmallerthermalnecrosiszone.Compositecementcontaining20%PCMcmaybesuitableforuseinVPandBKPandthusdeservesfurtherevaluation.