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Painful diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes by mechanisms that as yet are incompletely defined.The aim of this study was to investigate roles of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in regulation of purinergic receptor (P2X3R) plasticity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with painful diabetes.Here, we showed that hindpaw pain hypersensitivity in streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was attenuated by treatment with purinergic receptor antagonist suramin or A-317491.