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Metagenomics refer to the total genetic information of the whole microbial community under certain conditions.Matagenomics targets microbial communities, particularly those that are unculturable or difficult to culture.The approach reveals the diversity and distribution of microbial organisms and functional genes, as well as the intricate interactions among them.Such mechanistic understanding enables the discovery, validation and engineering of the key determinants of the structure and function of microbial communities, and thus directly supports applications that exploit microbial communities and their products, especially in bioenergy research.