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Homologous recombination (HR) repairs double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by radiotherapy and anti-cancer agents such as camptothecin and cisplatin.HR is initiated by DSB strand resection, where DSBs are processed by nucleases to generate 3'single-strand DNA (3'ssDNA), followed by the polymerization of Rad51 recombinase on the 3'ssDNA.