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With the increasing demand for efficient and economic energy storage, lithium metal batteries including Li-S and Li-Se batteries have become attractive candidates for the next-generation rechargeable electrochemical energy storage systems with high-energy densities because of their high theoretical energy densities and cost effectiveness [1,2]. Here, we report our recent progress in Li-S and Li-Se batteries [3,4]. We show that rational design of the S-C and Se-C cathode materials could play an important role in improving their electrochemical performances. We report the electrochemistry of chalcogen elements (S, Se, Te) with different allotropies (cyclic and chain-like molecules).