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Objective To explore whether the serum concentrations ofvascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and pigment epithelium—derivedfactor(PEDF)in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization—embryo transfer(IVF-ET) treatment serve as predictors of OHSS．Methods Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay(ELISA)was employed to measure the serum concentrations of VEGF and PEDF on the day ofhCG administration, oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer respectively．Basedon OHSS classification of the criteria of Golan．85 patients were divided into three groups．Patients in group A(n=10) showed symptoms of severe OHSS andpatients in group B(n=13)suffered from moderate OHSS．The control group(group C,n=62)contained patients without symptoms of OHSS as well aspatients with mild OHSS．Results In groups A,B and C，serum concentrations of PEDF on the day of hCG administration (h-PEDF)(166．54±102．81，159．45±136．77,172.05±1 70．95 pg／ml,P=0．48)．Oocyte retrieval (o-PEDF)(1 76．91±103．37,122．52±92．54,179．82±1 77．47 pg／ml,P=0．27)and embryo transfer(e—PEDF)(169．02±240．08,136．80±139．21,157．38±222．54pg／ml,P=0．95)，h-VEGF (175．55±103．54,218．84±179．70,153．39±145．06 pg／ml,p=0．36)and o-VEGF (1 71．93±103．37．122．52±92．54，179．82±1 77．47,P=0．15)showed no significant difference．There was statistical difference in serum concentrations of e-VEGF between groups A(197．04±156．63 pg／ml)and C(110．69±49．55pg/ml)(p=0．008)．The serum level of estradiol showed a positive correlation with the count of large follicles(r=0．744)．The ratios of h-VEGF／h．PEDR o-VEGF／o-PEDF and e—VEGF7e—PEDF were calculated and showeda clear difference amonggroups A,B and C (4．04±3．39,2．10±2．14,1．05±4.80,p<0．001,4．54±5．69，2．29 1±1．67．0．94±0．59,P<0.001;5．43±6．16，1．81±1．36,2．42±2．60,P=0．04)．Conclusion These observations demonstrated that though serum concentrations of VEGF and PEDF can not be used as OHSS predictors, the ratios ofh-VEGF/h-PEDF, o-VEGF/o-PEDF and e-VEGF/e-PEDF may have great predictive value.