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The human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes produces various surface proteins in order to avoid the host immune defence systems.Two of these proteins, EndoS and IdeS, have proven to be very useful as tools in antibody engineering.EndoS hydrolyses the chitobiose core of the aspargine linked glycan on the heavy chain of IgG and IdeS is a cysteine protease that cleaves the IgG molecule at a unique site in the hinge region.