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Specific recognition of cancer biomarkers is a key for cancer diagnosis and therapy,for which antibodies have been the workhorses while other biomolecules such as aptamers,peptides and lectins have been used as alternatives sometimes.However,these biomolecules suffer from apparent disadvantages.For instance,antibodies and lectins are hard to prepare,poor in storage stability and susceptible to protease degradation,while aptamers and peptides are associated with relatively poor specificity and risk of degradation.Therefore,novel alternatives that can overcome these disadvantages are highly important.Molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)are chemically synthetic receptors with antibody-like recognition properties or enzyme-like catalytic activities.As compared with biomolecules particularly antibodies,MIPs are easy to prepare,cost-efficient and more stable.Although MIPs have found important applications in many areas such as chemical sensing,separation,catalysis,and disease diagnost ics,MIPs that are applicable for cancer diagnosis have been still limited.We have recently developed two general and facile boronate affinity-based molecular imprinting approaches for the preparation of glycoprotein-specific MIPs.[1-3] The prepared MIPs exhibited highly desirable binding properties including high affinity,high specificity and superb resistance to interference.These features enabled the detection of cancer biomarkers in human serum.[1,3,4,5] We further developed molecularly imprinted nanoprobes for fluorescent and Raman imaging of cancer cells,which permitted the recognition of cancer cells from normal cells.Moreover,we developed a molecularly imprinted microprobe-based single cell assay that can specifically extract and detect cancer biomarkers within single cells.These progress opened up new avenues for cancer diagnosis.