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Synthesis of hollow carbon nanospheres (HCS) have been the focus of intensive research,because of their large fraction of void space in hollow structures,excellent chemical stability,and potential applications in the gas storage,catalysis,electrode material.[1-5] Herein,we demonstrate a novel synthesis of HCS based on the weak acid-base interaction (-COO-/NH4 +/-COO-) induced assembly.[6] Firstly,the hollow polymer nanospheres (HPS) were synthesized using oleic acid as the hollow core generator,ammonia as the base catalyst and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and formaldehyde as precursors under hydrothermal conditions.At a hydrothermal aging temperature range of 100?160 ℃,HPS with diameters in the range of 100?200 nm and hollow core sizes of 30?80 nm can be prepared.Taking these HPS as the precursor,HCS with tunable surface areas can be obtained by varying the pyrolysis conditions.More importantly,owing to the presence of the COO- functional groups,a wide range of metal cations (e.g.Fe3+ and Ag+) can be successfully introduced into these HPS,so that they can then be converted to hollow graphitized nanospheres and Ag doped catalytically HCS.The Ag-doped HCS can be used as colloid catalysts which show high catalytic activity in 4-nitrophenol reduction reactions.