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The unidirectional polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based triangle-section carbon fiber reinforced plastics (PAN-TCFRP) and the unidirectional PAN-based circular-section carbon fiber reinforced plastics (PAN-CCFRP) were fabricated to investigate the effect of carbon fiber cross-section shape on the microwave absorbing property, and the surface morphologies of carbon fiber and their arrangement in prepared composite material samples were observed by SEM.In order to study the microwave absorbing property, the reflection losses of PAN-TCFRP and PAN-CCFRP were calculated and measured in the X-band frequency range (military band, 8.2-12.4GHz).As the results shown, the absorbing property of PAN-TCFRP is better than those of PAN-CCFRP because of the microwave anechoic chamber effect, while the mechanical properties of PAN-TCFRP and PAN-CCFRP are almost similar.So PAN-TCFRP will be promising candidates to be used as structural absorbing composites with integrated function of microwave absorbing property and mechanical properties.