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目的:探讨肺不张支气管镜下特点与临床各因素的相关性。方法:回顾性分析1359例肺不张患者的临床资料和支气管镜下表现。结果:(1)1359例患者经支气管镜等检查明确病因1294例,支气管镜总诊断率为95.2%,其中肿瘤确诊率为85.9%;(2)男性、中老年或重度吸烟肺不张者中最多见的镜下表现是腔内菜花样肿物,女性、青年或不吸烟肺不张者则以管腔瘢痕狭窄闭塞为主;(3)腔内菜花样肿物多见于双上叶,左上叶明显多于右上叶;脓性分泌物者以右中叶居多;(4)镜下表现为菜花样或息肉样肿物者多提示为肿瘤(74.5%),其中又以鳞癌居多(55.4%);而表现为瘢痕狭窄或闭塞者多为结核(80.6%),脓性/稀薄或血性分泌物者则多为炎症表现(92.9%)。结论:支气管镜是一种明确肺不张病因的重要手段。不同性别、年龄、吸烟量和病理类型肺不张者支气管镜下表现各异。
Objective: To investigate the correlation between characteristics of atelectasis bronchoscopy and clinical factors. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1359 cases of atelectasis in patients with clinical data and bronchoscopic findings. Results: (1) In 1359 cases, 1294 cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopy, the total diagnosis rate of bronchoscopy was 95.2%, and the diagnosis rate of tumor was 85.9%. (2) In male, middle-aged or severe smoking atelectasis The most common microscopic appearance is intraluminal cauliflower, female, young or non-smoking atelectasis is the main narrow occlusion of luminal scar; (3) cavity cauliflower more common in the double upper lobe, the upper left (4) Microscope showed cauliflower-like or polypoid masses were mostly tumor (74.5%), of which again the majority of squamous cell carcinoma (55.4% ). Most of the patients showed stenosis or occlusion of tuberculosis (80.6%), while those with purulent / lean or bloody discharge were mostly inflammatory (92.9%). Conclusion: Bronchoscopy is an important means to clarify the etiology of atelectasis. Different gender, age, smoking and pathological types of atelectasis bronchoscopy performed differently.