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Objective: Positron emission tomography using [18F] fluoro-2-doxy-D-glucose(FDG)is considered as one of the most useful imaging methods in diagnosis of patients with primary lymphoma.The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-PET/CT in patients with primary lymphoma and determine the significant guiding usefulness of SUVmax in clinical application.Method: Results of one hundred initial 18F-PET/CT scans which performed in patients with primary lymphoma between January 2012 and February 2012 were retrospective analyzed.All included patients had underwent the same scanning methods and were confirmed by pathological diagnosis as gold standard,at the same time,without any intervention measures such as surgery or chemotherapy.Assess the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT and compared the SUVmax according to different pathological types.In the patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),analyzed the SUVmax difference between patients with different BCL-2 molecular expression,gender,age,skeletal invasion and assessed the correlation between SUVmax and the expression of proliferation index Ki-67.All the data for statistical analysis.Results: Among the 100 cases which were confirmed with lymphoma by pathology,5 were Hodgkins lymphoma(HL)and 95 were Non-Hodgkins lymphoma(NHL).Among patients with NHL,60 were DLBCL,8 were follicular lymphoma(FL),7 were natural killer/T-cell lymphoma,8 were peripheral T-cell lymphoma(PTCL),4 were marginal zone lymphoma and another 4 were still not clear the specific pathologic type.According to the result of pathology,10 cases were misdiagnosed by PET/CT and the accuracy were 90%.6 misdiagnosed cases had occurred in the stomach or colon and among which,2 patients were with completely normal PET/CT performance.According to the pathological type of grouping,the average SUVmax value were calculated of each type and the average SUVmax of HL was 16.8±9.3 and the value of NHL was 17.0±9.1,and among them,DLBCL was 18.9±8.9; FL was 7.8±5.4; natural killer/T-cell lymphoma was 18.7±6.6; PTCL was 16.4±8.9.By the statistical analysis,there was no statistical difference between HL and NHL(x2=0.0136,p=0.9071).While among the NHL,the average SUVmax were judged as significant statistically different between DLBCL and FL(p=0.0004),FL and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma(p=0.0078),FL and PTCL(p=0.0117).In the patients with DLBCL,the average SUVmax were assessed between different BCL-2 expression level(Positive: 18.3±7.8; negative: 24.5±10.9,t=1.6 p=0.115),different ages(according to the regulations of the United Nations,patients were divided into 3 group,young group(< 44 years old,14.6±3.9),middle-aged group(45~59 years old,18.6±8.1),elderly group(> 60 years old,20.9±10.5),F= 1.53,p=0.226),different gender(male: 18.9±9.1; female: 19.2±9.3,t=-0.12,p=0.907),skeletal invasion situation(invasion: 20.4±1.2; without invasion: 19.6±8.7,x2=0.1,p=0.749)and all these results showed no statistical difference(p>0.05).The SUVmax value showed fair correlation with the expression rate of proliferation index Ki-67 in patients with DLBCL(r=0.33,p=0.018).Conclusions: Although 18F-PET/CT has great significant diagnostic value in patients with primary lymphoma,there are still a certain extent misdiagnosis and it is recommended to combine with clinic and pathology and pay attention to the differential diagnosis.The SUVmax may have a guiding usefulness in the differential diagnosis of different pathological types of NHL,Simultaneously,SUVmax of patients with DLBCL correlated with Ki-67 might reflect the tumor invasive and have a prognostic value.