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In dioecious plants,it is said that reproductive costs are different between males and females.Females invest proportionally more costs in reproduction than males because females have to allocate resources to both flower and fruit reproduction.Such differences have influences on resource allocation of vegetative structures.In this study,we investigated reproductive costs and resource allocation of Helwingia japonica,a dioecious shrub that has reproductive structures on leaves.They also develop clonal growth structures ealled runners underground.So we investigated resource allocation of runners.Then we compared the resource allocation between males and females at both open and shaded sites.