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The grey wolf (Canis lupus) is one of the most widely distributed land mammal species,and is closely related to humans.The wolf habitat varies greatly.For thousands of years,the grey wolf has been subjected to both biogeographic subdivision and population fragmentation,and strong selection during the domestication of the dog.The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of highly polymorphic genes involved in the immune response,which is thought to be the result of pathogen-driven balancing selection.