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Objective To evaluate the use of allogeneic BMSCs with?β-TCP in the treatment of critical-sized bone defect in canines.Methods The animal model of full-thickness critical skull defect was built in Beagle dogs bilaterally.Allogeneic or autologous BMSCs-TCP complex was constructed to repair the skull defect.?4, 12, 24 and 36 weeks postoperatively, the repair effect of skull defect among the three groups was compaired quantitatively by 3D-CT.Results Resuls?showed that bone mineral density of allogeneic and autologous bone tissue engineering bone gradually reduced at 4, 12 weeks, but remained stable from 24 to 36 weeks.There is no significant difference in bone mineral density between the two groups (P>0.0s).Bone mineral density of the control group gradually reduced as time goes by, which is significantly lower than the above two groups at 12, 24 and 36 weeks (P<0.001).Conclusions Allogeneic BMSCs loaded on β-TCP enhanced the repair of a critical-sized bone defect in canines.