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Background: Recent studies have reported microRNA-15a (miR-15a) dysregulated in breast cancer (BC).We aimed to evaluate the expression of miR-15a in BC tissues and the corresponding para-carcinoma tissues and to investigate the effects of miR-15a on the cellular behavior of MDA-MB-231 and the expression of the target gene synuclein-γ (SNCG), thus providing new methods and new strategies for the treatment of BC.Methods: The expression levels of miR-15a were analysed in BC formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues by microarray and quantitative real-time PCR.CCK-8 assays, cell cycle and apeptosis assays were used to explore the potential function of miR-15a in MDA-MB-231 human BC cells.A luciferase reporter assay confirmed direct targets.Results: Downregulation of miR-15a was detected in most primary BC.Ectopic expression of miR-15a promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in vivo.Further studies indicated that miR-15a may directly interact with the 3-untranslated region (3-UTR) of SNCG mRNA, downregulating its mRNA and protein expression levels.SNCG expression was negatively correlated with miR-15a expression.Conclusions: MiR-15a has a critical role in mediating cell cycle arrest and promoting cell apoptosis of BC, probably through directly targeting SNCG.The miR-15a may be involved in the development and progression of BC.