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The abundance and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities in a wheat field under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and increased air temperatures were investigated using gene-based qPCR and pyrosequencing.The elevated CO2 concentrations significantly increased the abundances of bacteria and fungi,and an increase of air temperatures significantly reduced fungal abundance.We found that Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Chloroflexi and Ascomycota were the most abundant bacterial and fungal phyla in the wheat field soil.Elevated CO2 concentrations and increased air temperatures had no significant effect on the bacterial alpha diversity,whereas fungal richness was reduced under warming treatments.Moreover,we note that certain bacterial and fungal groups respond differentially to elevated CO2 concentrations and increased air temperatures,and fungal species are highly sensitive to climatic changes.