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Our previous study has demonstrated that benfotiamine, a protective agent for diabetes complications, significantly decreases β-amyloid (Aβ) production through enhancing the phosphorylation levels and reduced enzymatic activities of both GSK-3 α and GSK-3β in the APP/PS 1 transgenic mice.Recent evidence from a population-based study also shows a link between Alzheimers disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).The prevelance rate of AD is high as much as 2 to 5 times in population suffering from DM compared with non-DM control subjects.