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Seasonal adjustments in body mass and thermogenesis are important for the survival of small mammals.In the present research,seasonal variations in body mass and several morphology,physiological,hormonal,and biochemical markers were measured in Eothenomys miletus.Our results showed that E.miletus unable to maintain a relatively constant body mass,body fat mass,serum leptin level,energy intake,and the thermogenesis capacity in the different seasons.It showed that the body mass of E.miletus was lower in winter as compared to in summer which was associated with changes in other markers examined.For example,decreasing in body mass in winter was accompanied by increased energy intake and enhanced thermogenic capacity as well as by decreased body fat mass and reduced levels of circulating leptin.Further,serum leptin levels were positively correlated with body mass and body fat mass.Together,these data suggested that E.miletus mainly depend on increasing thermogenic capacity,energy intake and decreasing body mass,body fat mass,to cope with cold,and leptin may play a potential role in their thermogenesis and body mass regulation.