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A large number of industrial physical problems can be modeled using particle-based methods.Particle descriptions can be used for the simulation of continuum systems as in the case of discrete fluid or solid elements in smooth particle hydrodynamics(SPH)and vorticity-carrying fluid elements in vortex methods(VM); or for inherently discrete systems as in gravitational particles for astrophysics,dissipative particle dynamics(DPD)for mesoscale polymer descriptions,atomistic molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,and charged particles in plasma physics(PIC).