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Appropriate preference for light or darkness is evolutionarily crucial for animals survival.However,the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear,in particular for vertebrates.Here,integrating behavioral,functional and morphological assays in zebrafish,we discovered that light preference behavior is mediated by a neural circuit consisting of a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),the eminentia thalamus (EmT) and left dorsal habenula (L-dHb).Loss-and gain-of-function manipulations showed that L-dHb neurons,which code both the presence and intensity of environmental luminance,are necessary and sufficient for light preference.