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Plants experience various abiotic stresses during their life cyclc,such as drought,salinity,and extreme temperatures,which cause extensive losses to agricultural production worldwide.Abiotic stress has become one of major limiting factor of crop loss,reducing extensive yields for most major crop plants by more than 50%.Plant adaptation to abiotic stresses is controlled by cascades of molecular networks.Although relatively little is known about these molecular networks of plant tolerance to abiotic stress,a large number of stress - associated genes and signal - transduction systems have been identified.