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Objective Peripheral administration of P2X agonists rapidly causes nocifensive behavior in experimental animals and pain sensation in humans.Most of the nociceptive response to peripheral ATP is mediated by P2X3 receptor.Study shows that Puerarin may have anti-nociceptive response and the role of analgesia.The effects of Puerarin on rat burn injury pain mediated by P2X3 receptor was investigated at the present research.Methods Superficial second degree foot/back burn injury models were adopted.Sprague-Dawley rat were randomly divided into sham paw burn group (SPB), puerarin-treated paw unburned control group (PPC), untreated superficial second degree paw bum group (UPB), puerarin-treated superficial second degree paw burn group (PPB), blank paw eontrol group (BPC group), sham back burn group (SBB), puerarin-treated back unburned control group (PBC), untreated superficial second degree back bum group (UBB), puerarin-treated superficial second degree back bum group (PBB) and blank back control group (BBC).Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured and the expressions of P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglion from test rats were detected by immunohisto-chemistry, RT-PCR, Western blot and in situ hybridization.Results MWT and TWL in group UPB and PPB were lower than those in group SPB, PPC and BPC (P<0.01) after burn, and the MWT and TWL in group PPB were increased compared with those in group UPB after burn 48 h and 1 h respectively (P<0.05).After 96 h, there was no difference in MWT and TWL between group PPB and group SPB (P>0.05), and there also was no difference in MWT and TWL between PPC and BPC (P>0.05).The MWT and TWL in group UPB were still decreased, there was difference between group UPB and group SPB (P<0.01), and there also was difference between PPC and BPC (P<0.01).At day 3 post burn, the expressions of P2X3 protein and mRNA in dorsal root ganglion from burn injury model rat in group UPB were increased significantly compared with those in other groups (P<0.01), while in group PPB, post-treated with Puerarin, the expressions of P2X3 receptor were decreased markedly compared with those in group UBB (P<0.05 or 0.01), and there was no difference compared with those in group SBB, PBC and BBC (P>0.05).Conclusion Puerarin may alleviate burn injury pain induced by P2X3 receptor.