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The size effect of interfacial failure and buckling in composite laminates under uniaxial compressionare investigated in this work. It is found that interfacial failure by excessive separation (normal mode) dominatesfor short composite laminates; as the length/thickness ratio of a composite laminate increases, shear failure in theinterface dominates, accompanied by buckling of the laminate. When the interface of a composite laminate fails,corresponding critical load to trigger buckling decreases. The size effect of failure modes in composite laminates isdivided into six regions governed by the length to thickness ratio of composite laminates. The critical lengths ofeach region are estimated using both theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. At the end, a failure modemap based on relative stress-length/thickness relations is constructed.