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Background: The HIV-1 epidemic in Russia defined by explosive outbreak of subtype A among injection drug users (IDUs) in middle 90s.IDUs as conduction group allow subtype A to be a dominant in common Russian population.Since 2007 there is lack of information about genetic diversity and geographical distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in Russia.Methods: Data set consisted of 601 pol gene sequences from newly diagnosed ART-na(i)ve patients (WHO inclusion/exclusion criteria for transmitted drug resistance testing were used) collected during 2007-2010 in European, Ural and Siberia regions of Russia.All sequences were rechecked for contamination using neighbour-joint phylogeny test.Subtype classification of all sequences was performed using both REGA and COMET subtyping tools.Results: No discordant results between two methods of subtype classification were found.The HIV-1 epidemic in Russia dominated by subtype A-89.5%, followed by CRF02_AG-3.8%, B-3.0%, CRF03_AB-2.8%, CRF14_BG -0.5% and G-0.3%.Analysis of regional distribution reveals that subtype A is the most prevalent in each region (83.9-90.7%), but distribution of non-A subtypes and CRFs are subject to geographical location.In federal districts of European part there is subtype B (Northwest-8.1%, Central-9.3%, South-15.8%, Volga-2.1%), in Ural federal district-CRF03_AB (16.1%) and in Siberia federal district-CRF02_AG (24.7%).Conclusions: HIV-1 subtype A remains dominant in all surveyed regions of Russia.Non-A subtypes and CRFs have a clear geographical distribution and represented in general by subtype B in European part, CRF03_AB in Ural and CRF02 AG in Siberia.