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Under the background of a warming climate, regional climate responses may be different from place to place.How cold extreme events in China respond is still an open question.This study investigates responses of coldwave frequency (CWF) in China from observation and modeling perspectives.Observational evidences show that CWF significantly reduces across China during the warm period (1978-2009) in comparison with that during the cold period (1957-1977), concurrent with extreme value centers located in northern China during 1957-1977 and southern China during 1978-2009.