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To research the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism within promoter region of three cytokine gene (TNF-α IL-1 β and IL-10) and the susceptibility to lung cancer, we conducted a population based case-control study in 132 healthy controls and 86 lung cancer patients.Genotyping for TNF-α-308、 IL-1 β-511 and IL-10-1082 was determined by real-time PCR.No significant difference in the genotypes distribution and allele frequencies of TNF-α IL-1 β and IL-10 polymorphism is found between overall case and control groups.Stratification analysis by smoking status and pathological types found that, there is significant differences in the distribution of TNF-α-308 G allelotype in the non-smoking subgroups(P=0.032, adjusted OR=9.581, 95% CI=1.211 ~75.824), also in the control groups and NSCLC subgroups (P =0.028, adjusted OR=5.182, 95% CI=1.198~22.414); Within the population carrying C allele in IL-1β-511, the distribution ofallelic frequencies between smoking subgroup and non-smoking subgroup is significantly different.TNF-α-308、 IL-1 β-511 and IL-10-1082 are not associated with the risk of lung cancer in overall Chinese Han population.However, the TNF-α-30g G allele is a risk factor for the occurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and promotes the development of lung carcinogenesis in non-smoking population.Within the population carrying C allele in IL-1 β-511,-511 C allele is a protective effect against lung cancer in smoking population.