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人工流产作为避孕失败后的补救措施 ,在控制人口数量方面是有一定的作用。但是伴随着人工流产、子宫穿孔、不全流产、出血和感染等并发症时有发生 ,有损于妇女的身心健康 ,给社会经济的发展也造成一定的影响。因此 ,人工流产一直是世界范围内的一个公共卫生和社会问题 ,与西方发达国家相比 ,中国的人工流产率虽然逐年有所下降 ,但仍然处于一个较高的水平。避免意外妊娠、减低人工流产率一直是我国计划生育工作领域中的重点任务。据北京、上海两地 1994年和 1999年人工流产原因的大规模调查分析 ,无避孕措施的夫妻占 37.0 %和 5 1.8% ;在避孕方法失败中 ,外用药具占 37.3%和 33 .8% ,安全期失败占 19.9%。紧急避孕是除了常规避孕方法以外 ,避孕意外妊娠降低人工流产率的主要方法之一。可以推测如果这些妇女具有紧急避孕的知识和自我保健的意识 ,如果我们计划生育和妇幼保健机构能及时提供优质的紧急避孕服务 ,那么这些意外妊娠人工流产应该是可以避免的。但是 ,在我国紧急避孕还未受到人们包括医生们的足够重视。据上海对 10 0 17例 18～ 49岁妇女的调查 ,发现了解紧急避孕知识的妇女仅占 2 8.2 % ;未婚者的知晓率明显低于已婚妇女 ;2 5岁以下的知晓率明显低于 2 5岁以上的妇女。目前 ,国内已研制成功一?
Induced abortion, as a remedy after a failed contraception, has a certain effect in controlling the population. However, complications such as induced abortion, perforation of the uterus, incomplete abortion, bleeding and infection often occur, impairing the physical and mental health of women and exerting some influence on the social and economic development as well. Therefore, abortion has always been a public health and social issue in the world. Compared with the developed countries in the West, the abortion rate in China is still at a relatively high level although it has been declining year by year. Avoiding unwanted pregnancies and reducing the rate of induced abortion have always been the key tasks in the field of family planning in our country. According to a large-scale survey of the causes of abortion in Beijing and Shanghai in 1994 and 1999, 37.0% and 51.8% of couples did not have contraception, and 37.3% and 33.8% of contraception failed, , The failure of the security period accounted for 19.9%. Emergency contraception is one of the main ways to reduce the rate of induced abortion except contraceptive methods. It can be speculated that if these women had the knowledge of emergency contraception and the awareness of self-care, these unexpected pregnancy induced abortions should be avoided if our family planning and maternal and child health institutions were able to provide timely and quality emergency contraception services. However, emergency contraception in our country has not been given enough attention by people, including doctors. According to a survey of 10,177 women aged 18 to 49 in Shanghai, Shanghai found that only 8.22% of women knew about emergency contraception, that of unmarried persons was significantly lower than that of married women, and that of people under 25 was significantly lower than that of married women 2 women over 5 years old. At present, China has successfully developed a?