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[Purpose] Endocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (E-DCIS) is an intraductal carcinoma characterized by endocrine features and expression of neuroendocrine markers.E-DCIS and intraductal papilloma (IDP) resemble in their clinical feature of nipple discharge.However, the former is intraductal carcinoma, and the latter is intraductal benign lesion.It is sometimes difficult to distinguish E-DCIS from IDP, because both can show near solid intraductal cellular proliferation.Discrimination between lesions is important for not only histopathologically but also clinically.This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of CD56 and CD57 immunostainings for the discrimination between E-DCIS and IDP.[Material and Methods] Specimens were obtained from 17 E-DCIS patients as the subject group, and 27 IDP patients as the control group, diagnosed in our hospital.E-DCIS was diagnosed using Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin, and Grimelius stainings by the premise ofhistopathological features (organoid pattern, festoon structures, stromal inclusions and polypoid invagination).These specimens were subjected to CD56 and CD57 immunostainings.Staining results were compared between E-DCIS and IDR [Results] In our study, CD56 revealed significant differences for distinguishing E-DCIS from IDP as determined by Fishers exact probability test (cutoff: not less than 33-67%< immunopositivity,p<0.05).[Conclusion] We found that not only E-DCIS but also IDP revealed immunopositivity for CD56.However,it is considered that E-DCIS diagnosis is possible by diffuse immunopositivity of CD56 after having been based on histopathology.And this finding is helpful for a diagnosis of E-DCIS in daily pathological diagnoses.The neural differentiation staining of CD56 is useful for the diagnosis of E-DCIS.