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Biomass pretreatment process is required before the conversion of biomass into chemical intermediates or fermentable sugars.Traditional pretreatment methods using acid or alkaline solvents are effective in delignification and hydrolysis but with corrosion and pollution to the environment.Therefore,scientists pay particular attention to develop new pretreatment methods for biomass utilization.Ionic liquids(ILs)with excellent properties are widely used in biomass pretreatment.1,2 In ILs pretreatment,the delignification and disruption of cellulose crystalline could well be achieved.3 While,more efficient ILs methods are still needed to improve the biomass pretreatment.In this work,highly efficient pretreatment of biomass was investigated by different kinds of ILs.For example,efficient delignification of cornstalk was obtained in biodegradable IL choline acetate,high dissolution of chitin was achieved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and economic pretreatment of cornstalk was accomplished by ILs + additives or two-step ILs methods.Those methods indicated that ILs could be promising solvents for biomass pretreatment in the future.