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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of core decompression with a biomaterial loaded allograft threaded cage for the treatment of femoral head osteonecrosis in an established goat model.Bilateral early-stage osteonecrosis was induced in mature goats four weeks after ligation of the lateral and medial circumflex arteries and delivery of liquid nitrogen into the femoral head.After core decompression,the remaining goats were randomly divided into three groups: Group A,the goats were left without any treatment; Group B,the goats were treated with implanting a composite of autologous bone and DBM; Group C,the goats were treated using insertion of allograft threaded cage(ATC) loaded with DBM and autogenous bone graft.Then radiographic,histological and biomechanical analysis were taken in each group at 5,10 and 20 weeks postoperation.20 weeks later,the density,surface and biomechanical stability of the femoral head were normal in Group C,while an irregular surface and an inhomogeneous microstructure or variation of density/hardness were identified in Group B.The specimens revealed a continuous trabaecular bone structure throughout the cage and extensive bone ingrowth and remodeling in Group C,while fibrous tissue was evident in Group B.Core decompression with a biomaterial loaded allograft threaded cage almost uniformly delays or arrests the progression of the disease before articular collapse,and it could help to get the balance between bone resorption and new bone formation,strengthen structural mechanics of the femoral head,provide structure support of articular cartilage.