【摘 要】
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At some period of prehistory Black Rats moved from their region of ancestry in India to colonize new territory in the Middle East and Europe,in the process presumably having great impacts on human liv
【机 构】
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University of Adelaide,South Australia,Australia,Division of Mammals
【出 处】
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The 5th International Conference on Rodent Biology and Manag
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At some period of prehistory Black Rats moved from their region of ancestry in India to colonize new territory in the Middle East and Europe,in the process presumably having great impacts on human livelihoods.Exactly when this happened,and the precise routes taken,are matters of ongoing debate.We sequenced mtDNA from a mix of modern and historical black rat samples from many new localities on the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East,and integrated this data with global datasets.We identify a total of four mtDNA sublineages that have expanded their ranges outside of India.Only one of these colonized Europe and ultimately the rest of the world via the ship rat population.The central haplotype of this sublineage remains unrepresented on the Indian subcontinent despite the greatly increased sampling; we postulate that it arose somewhere in the urban settings of the Indus Valley or Mesopotamia,and that black rats only entered the Mediterranean realm with the onset of grain-based maritime trade ca.3000 years ago,despite the occurrence of overland trade from thousands of years earlier.
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