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Objective To compare the efficacy of intrauterine balloon, intrauterine contraceptive device and hyalouronic acid gel in the prevention of the adhesion reformation after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis for Asherman～ syndrome.Methods 107 women with Asherman～ syndrome who were treated with hysteroscopic division of intrauterine adhesion were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study.After hysteroscopic adhesiolysis by scissors, 20patients had intrauterine balloon inserted, 28 patients had intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) fitted, 18 patients had hyaluronic acid gel instilled into the uterine cavity, and 41 control subjects did not have any of the three additional treatment measures.A second-look hysteroscopy was performed in all cases in 1-3 months.The effect of hysteroscopic adhesiolysis was scored by AFS.Results The adhesion scores prior to hysteroscopic adhesiolysis and that at second look hysteroscopy in each group is compared.There was a significant reduction of adhesion scores in each of the 4 groups.The improvement rates, defined as the proportion of cases with reduction in adhesion scores, are: balloon group 95％, IUD group 93％, gel group 67％ and control group 71％.Both the intrauterine balloon group and IUD group achieved significantly (P ＜ 0.001) greater amount of reductions in the adhesion score than that of the hyaluronic acid gel group and control group; the efficacy of the balloon is greater than that of the IUD (P ＜ 0.001).There was no significant difference in results between the hyaluronic acid gel group and the control groups.Conclusion The insertion of intrauterine balloon and intrauterine device are more effective than the use of hyaluronic acid gel in the prevention of intra-uterine adhesion reformation.