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As defined by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA),Nano-Air-Vehicles(NAVs)refer to airborne vehicles no larger than 7.5 cm in length,width or height,capable of performing a useful military mission at an affordable cost and gross takeoff weight of less than or equal to 10 g.Aerodynamic design challenges for NAVs are driven by a combination of very low Reynolds number physics and the requirement for a multi-functional platform structure.As demonstrated by flying insects,flapping flight is advantageous for its superior maneuverability and lifting capability at low Reynolds numbers,which is very attractive for NAV designs.