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Objective: To investigate the relationship between the mental health status and the constitution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) among Chinese brief-training military students.Methods: We randomly chose 531 individuals currently in brief-training military from a college in Shanghai, China through a random sampling method.They were surveyed by a self-evaluation questionnaire including the Symptom-Checklist90 (SCL-90) and the Standardized Classification Measurement Questionnaire of Nine Constitutions in Chinese Medicine.Additionally, basic descriptive statistics, the Chi-square analysis, t-test, Spearman rank correlation analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were also employed.Results : Negative correlations are found between the factor scores of SCL-90 and the value of Balanced constitution, and positive correlations are found between the factor scores of SCL-90 and the value of Unbalanced constitution.Furthermore,from these final models of stepwise regression analysis was that Balanced, Qi-deficiency and Qi-stagnation were associated with total scores on SCL-90 in both forced entry and stepwise models.The value of Qi-stagnation constitution was identified as the strongest predictor on SCL-90.Conclusions: The study showed the important relationship between TCM constitution and mental health status among Chinese military students.The findings suggested that adjustment of constitution from the unbalanced to the balanced from the perspective of TCM constitution theory might be an effective method in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.