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The incidence of hyperuricemia is increasing year by year with the change of peoples life style.It is important to establish a more suitable animal model for both studying pathogenic mechanism of hyperuricemia and developing a new,effective medicine to treat hyperuricemia.In this study,hyperuricemia tree shrew was induced byoxonic acid potassium salt(OA).Oxonic acid potassium salt at a dose of 40mg/kg-100 mg/kg was gived intraperitoneal to tree shrew,the allopurinol(ALLO)at a dose of 40mg/kg-100 mg/kg was gived intraperitoneal to tree shrew.The serum urate levels were determinded using the phoaphotungstic acid method.The hepatic xanthine,dehydrogenase/oxidase(XDH/XO)mRNA expression levels were assay using semi quantitative RT-PCR method.Serum urea nitrogen,serum creatinine values were assay using commercially available kits.The results showed that OA suspension can effectively increase the levels of uric acid(have been greater than animal serum saturated concentration 417 μ mol/L)in tree shrews in 1 to 4 hours,compared with untreated tree shrews(185.81 ± 50.44umol/L).ALLO can significantly decrease serum uric acid levels inhyperuricemia tree shrew(P < 0.01),but no effect on the normal animals value of tree shrew serum uric acid(P > 0.05).no changes of serum urea nitrogen,serum creatinine values were observed.The result of semi quantitative RT-PCR showed that liver tissue XDH/XO mRNA expression level was significantly up-regulate in high uric acid status compared compared with untreated tree shrews,ALLO can down-regulate XDH/XO mRNA expression level in the liver tissue of hyperuricemia tree shrews,but no changes of XDH/XO mRNA expression levewere observed in treated normal tree shrews.Acute toxicity study in tree shrew showed that oxonic acid potassium salt was safe at 40mg/kg-100 mg/kg.In this study,we obtain stable and repeatable acute hyperuricemia in tree shrewwho have more close genetic relation with human than other rodents for the first time.