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Active matter consists of components that are self-propelling and may either be living objects(such as bacteria driven by flagella)or synthetic micro-or nanoparticles.The latter are often made of Janus-particles and driven by catalytic chemical reactions with the embedding solvent.These active Brownian particles(ABPs)are serving as primitive prototypes for motile bacterial systems and are used to study fundamental properties of their individual as well as collective responses to external stimuli.From a theoretical point of view,the statistical mechanics of these continually driven systems is offering new insights into the statistical physics of systems out of equilibrium.