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Severe inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lead to destruction of joint architecture,functional disability and reduced quality of life.Driven by multifactorial etiology,these conditions lack an effective treatment modality to date.A number of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,biologics,disease modifying agents and viral transfer of genes are among the major therapeutic approaches employed.Focal lesions or damages to cartilage have been treated by implantation of various matrix biomaterials with and without cartilage cells.All these strategies have limitations and/or severe side effects rendering these diseases untreatable.The pathogenesis of OA/RA reveals the role of cytokines played in the disease progression.