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Objective: "Shan-lv-cha", which originated from species of the genus Ilex, is one of the most popular herbal teas in China.As a traditional medicine, it exhibits several effects, e.g.diuretic, antihypertensive, antilipemic, anti-inflammatory.Specially, Total Flavonoids of Ilex hainanensis Merr.(TFIM) extracted from the leaves of Ilex shanlvcha.To investigate the effects of TFIM on hyperlipidemia and early atherosclerosis, we used an atherosclerosis animal model, and elucidate the mechanism of TFIM to protect hosts from atherosclerosis.Methods and Results: Rat atherosclerosis model was induced by feeding rats with high fat diet supplemented with vitamin D3.TFIM was intragastrically administrated for 12 weeks.The serum concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer.ApoA1 and ApoB, ox-LDL, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA method.Circulating Endothelial Cells (CECs) was counted by Hladovec method.Compared with model rats, TFIM can significantly lowered serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, ox-LDL, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and increased ratios of ApoA1/ApoB and atherogenic index.Moreover, TFIM can also reduced CECs in model rats.Conclusions: TFIM attenuated the development of atherosclerotic disease.Although the mechanism is not completely clear, our study showed that its beneficial effects are associated with adjusted blood lipid composition, inhibited expression of inflammatory cytokines, potential protection of endothelial cells.Introduction Atherosclerosis is a multifaceted, progressive, inflammatory disease that affects mainly large and medium arteries, which results in major morbidity and mortality [1, 2].The underlying pathogenesis involves an imbalanced lipid metabolism and a maladaptive immune response entailing a chronic inflammation of the arterial wall.[3].The consequence of inflammatory response is swelling of the intimal space, perpetuation of endothelial dysfunction, further recruitment of leukocytes, and exacerbation of hemodynamic stress due to bulging of the lesion into the vessel lumen [4].Markers associated with inflammation have been evaluated for their association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.In patients with coronary heart disease, raised concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) were shown to be associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease events [5].Also, interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease [6].Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a multifunctional cytokines that can stimulate inflammation, and prompting liqid metabolism disord [7].It is very necessary to develop novel drug for suppressing inflammation that can be complement lipid-lowering therapies."Shan-lv-cha", which originated from species of the genus Ilex, is one of the most popular herbal teas in China.As a hot drink, small bags of medicinal plants are sold in any supermarket.Modern pharmacological studies have showed that its function includes the anti-hypertention, regulation of blood lipids, and prevention of coronary heart disease [8].Total Flavonoids of Ilex hainanensis Merr.(TFIM) one of the active ingredient from shanlvcha.This study here reported a novel role of TFIM on adjusting-hyperlipidemia and anti-atherosclerosis.These dates will support some evidences for TFIM and develop it a novel drug candidate for regulate lipid abnormality and anti-atherosclerosis.